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| A book entitled Earth
is a basic reference textbook in many universities around
the world. One of its two authors is Professor Emeritus
Frank Press. He was the Science Advisor to former
US President Jimmy Carter, and for 12 years was the President
of the National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC. His
book says that mountains have underlying roots.1
These roots are deeply embedded in the ground, thus, mountains
have a shape like a peg (see figures 7, 8, and 9).
|
| 
|
| Figure
7: Mountains have deep roots under the surface of
the ground. (Earth, Press and Siever, p. 413.) |
| 
|
| Figure
8: Schematic section. The mountains, like pegs,
have deep roots embedded in the ground. (Anatomy of
the Earth, Cailleux, p. 220.) (Click on the
image to enlarge it.) |
| 
|
| Figure
9: Another illustration shows how the mountains are
peg-like in shape, due to their deep roots. (Earth
Science, Tarbuck and Lutgens, p. 158.) (Click
on the image to enlarge it.) |
This is how the Quran has described
mountains. God has said in the Quran:
 Have
We not made the earth as a bed, and the mountains as pegs? 
(Quran, 78:6-7)
Modern earth sciences have proven
that mountains have deep roots under the surface of the ground
(see figure 9) and that these roots can reach several times their
elevations above the surface of the ground.2
So the most suitable word to describe mountains on the basis of
this information is the word ‘peg,’ since most of a properly set
peg is hidden under the surface of the ground. The history
of science tells us that the theory of mountains having deep roots
was introduced only in the latter half of the nineteenth century.3
Mountains also play an important role
in stabilizing the crust of the earth.4
They hinder the shaking of the earth. God has said in the
Quran:
And
He has set firm mountains in the earth so that it would not shake
with you...
(Quran, 16:15)
Likewise, the modern theory of plate
tectonics holds that mountains work as stabilizers for the earth.
This knowledge about the role of mountains as stabilizers for
the earth has just begun to be understood in the framework of
plate tectonics since the late 1960’s.5
Could anyone during the time of the
Prophet Muhammad 
have known of the true shape of mountains?  Could
anyone imagine that the solid massive mountain which he sees before
him actually extends deep into the earth and has a root, as scientists
assert? A large number of books of geology, when discussing
mountains, only describe that part which is above the surface
of the earth. This is because these books were not written
by specialists in geology. However, modern geology has confirmed
the truth of the Quranic verses.
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_____________________________
Footnotes:
(1) Earth,
Press and Siever, p. 435. Also see Earth Science,
Tarbuck and Lutgens, p. 157. 
(2) The
Geological Concept of Mountains in the Quran, El-Naggar, p.
5.
(3) The
Geological Concept of Mountains in the Quran, p. 5.
(4) The
Geological Concept of Mountains in the Quran, pp. 44-45.
(5) The
Geological Concept of Mountains in the Quran, p. 5. |
